$4
Ibbo Mandaza
CODESRIA, 1992, 532 p.
ISBN : 2-86978-003-6 (broché)
Les matérialités contemporaines du religieux aux frontières du privé
Dans les sociétés ouest-africaines, l’espace public est fortement imprégné de religiosités. Il s’y édicte une kyrielle de conduites à tenir susceptibles d’influencer les croyants. Comprendre ces dynamiques religieuses implique de saisir comment ces normes pénètrent la vie privée des individus, et comment les croyants – chrétiens et musulmans – se saisissent de ces normes, les mettent en scène ou les détournent dans leur quotidien. Fruit d’un travail collectif mené dans l’ANR « Priverel », en partenariat avec les universités de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), Abomey Calavi (Bénin) et Gaston Berger (Saint-Louis, Sénégal), cet ouvrage s’appuie sur la notion « d’espace privé religieux » pour analyser l’appropriation par les croyants des normes religieuses au Bénin, au Burkina Faso, en Côte d’Ivoire et au Sénégal.
The ‘counter-revolution’ in Development Economics in the 1980s fundamentally altered the way the state ‘thinks’, which is evident in the state’s retrenchment and reconstitution of the state’s relationship to its citizens. The combination of deflationary macroeconomic policies and a residual approach to social policy, broadly, and social provisioning, more specifically, fundamentally altered the post-colonial trajectory of public policy in Africa. Despite the neoliberal ascendance that nurtured the more residual direction of social policy, the contention for an alternative vision of social policy remained and advanced with vigour. Specific contributions range from the deployment of social policy in framing the nation-building project, endogenous mutual support institutions, land and agrarian reform as a social policy instrument, the gender dynamics of social policy, and the mechanism enabling the spread of cash transfer schemes on the continent.
Frontières de la citoyenneté et violence politique en Côte d’Ivoire (Printed)
Ce volume est à la recherche d’une explication aux événements survenus depuis 1999 en Côte-d’Ivoire, qu’il est convenu d’appeler la « crise ivoirienne ». Il semble que l’interprétation événementielle des faits apportait des explications insatisfaisantes à cette fracture profonde et que la bonne perspective conduisait obligatoirement à revisiter les catégories théoriques essentialistes que s’obstinent à nous imposer un regard faussé, alourdi par des préjugés ethnocentriques. Une prise de distance avec l’événementiel passe par un questionnement approfondi sur les causes de l’effondrement annoncé du modèle dit ivoirien; le sens historique des choses est appelé pour examiner l’enchaînement et l’interaction des faits dont il faut, à chaque fois, statuer sur le poids historique dans la direction tragique de la dynamique sociale. En cherchant les origines sociales de l’irruption de cette déchirure sociale et politique, les auteurs du volume partent tous d’une question centrale : de quelle manière le poids de la formation de la société ivoirienne moderne intervient-il sur les modalités des actions individuelles et des regroupements collectifs actuels ? La fracture brutale et violente qu’a connue la formation sociale ivoirienne pose de nouveau la question des identités collectives qui dévoile en même temps les enjeux liés au caractère inachevé de la construction des « États-nations » en Afrique. C’est une erreur, en effet, de penser que cette crise s’est spontanément déclarée dans les instances supérieures partisanes et de négliger le fait que derrière les déclarations ostentatoires à propos de l’Unité Nationale, les regroupements précoloniaux ne se sont pas complètement dissouts dans la « Nation » moderne. De plus, dans le processus de fabrication de l’espace social « national », de nouvelles combinaisons sociales s’y engagent en se réinventant continûment. Les racines des crises actuelles sont, nous semble-t-il, à chercher dans la transformation inédite que connaissent les sociétés africaines contemporaines.
Governing Health Systems in Africa (Printed)
Drawing on various disciplinary perspectives, this book re-focuses the debate on what makes a good health system, with a view to clarifying the uses of social science research in thinking about health care issues in Africa. The explosion of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the persistence of malaria as a major killer, and the resurgence of diseases like tuberculosis which were previously under control, have brought about changes in the health system, with implications for its governance, especially in view of the diminished capacity of the public health facilities to cope with a complex range of expanded needs. Government responsibilities and objectives in the health sector have been redefined, with private sector entities (both for profit and not-for profit) playing an increasingly visible role in health care provisions. The reasons for collaborative patterns vary, but chronic under-funding of publicly financed health services is often an important factor. Processes of decentralisation and health sector reforms have had mixed effects on health care system performance; while private health insurance markets and private clinics are pointers to a growing stratification of the health market, in line with the intensified income and social differentiation that has occurred over the last two decades.These developments call for health sector reforms.
Law and justice in a Multicultural Society: The case of Mozambique (Printed)
This book presents the main results of a research project on the systems of justice in Mozambique, undertaken under the auspices of the country’s Supreme Court, in academic partnership with the Center for African Studies at Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique and the Centre for Social Studies at the School of Economics, Coimbra University, Portugal. It is dedicated to the memory of the internationally renowned Mozambican economist and Professor of Development Studies, José Guilherme Negrão. Although he died prematurely, Negrão collaborated in this project, and authored the final chapter dealing with the vexed question of land.
Until the onset of Portuguese colonisation towards the end of the nineteenth century, the peoples of Mozambique did not live under a single political entity. Rather, they existed as independent entities with various forms of political and social organisation. The twentieth century saw a consolidation of colonial rule, and important changes in the organisation of power. After independence, new Eurocentric political-legal cultures were added to the existing mix of legal orders. The distinctions between the colonial law and indigenous customary law became increasingly blurred, such that Mozambique now constitutes a heterogeneous state composed of a mosaic of legal hybrids, incorporating local/indigenous customary practices and religious law, as well as state civil law.
Departing from a broad understanding of law in Mozambique, this work analyses the complex network of judicial systems by interrogating the roles of the entities intervening in the system in colonial and postcolonial contexts. The main objective is to promote an empirically sound and dynamic understanding of the relationships between the multiple judicial entities present in the country within the context of cultural transformation in Africa. Overall, the book is intended as a contribution to current debates on the formation of the state in Mozambique from the nineteenth century.
The authors further considers the alternative mechanisms of conflict resolution taking place in the complexity of different legal rationalities: the remains of the Portuguese legal codes, socialist policies, customary law, religious systems and Western constitutionalism.
This collection of essays interrogates the repositioning of Africa and its diasporas in the unfolding disruptive transformations of the early twenty-first century. It is divided into five parts focusing on America’s racial dysfunctions, navigating global turbulence, Africa’s political dramas, the continent’s persistent mythologisation and disruptions in higher education. It closes with tributes to two towering African public intellectuals, Ali Mazrui and Thandika Mkandawire, who have since joined the ancestors.
Scholars in the Market Place : The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989-2005 (Printed)
Scholars in the Marketplace is a case study of market-based reforms at Uganda’s Makerere University. With the World Bank heralding neoliberal reform at Makerere as the model for the transformation of higher education in Africa, it has implications for the whole continent. At the global level, the Makerere case exemplifies the fate of public universities in a market-oriented and capital friendly era. The Makerere reform began in the 1990s and was based on the premise that higher education is more of a private than a public good. Instead of pitting the public against the private, and the state against the market, this book shifts the terms of the debate toward a third alternative than explores different relations between the two. The book distinguishes between privatisation and commercialisation, two processes that drove the Makerere reform. It argues that whereas privatisation (the entry of privately sponsored students) is compatible with a public university where priorities are publicly set, commercialisation (financial and administrative autonomy for each faculty to design a market-responsive curriculum) inevitably leads to a market determination of priorities in a public university. The book warns against commercialisation of public universities as the subversion of public institutions for private purposes.
Les identités régionales et la dialectique Sud-Sud en question
Cet ouvrage s’attache à l’importance du panafricanisme dans une perspective de reconquête, pouvant jouer un grand rôle dans l’intégration économique du continent. L’aspiration à un regroupement dynamique et sociétal est une nécessité fondamentale, car les africains ont besoin, pour vivre ensemble, de s’accorder sur un même sens par rapport à leurs histoires et leurs projets. Les contributions analysent les identités régionales résultant d’un syncrétisme observé entre la culture traditionnelle, la religion islamique et la modernité. L’exemple des relations interrégionales est la preuve tangible de la difficile négociation des contraintes axiologiques internationales imposées. Le nouveau partenariat entre le nord et le sud doit désormais être l’ouvre de chacun, en tant qu’acteur social ou étatique capable de communiquer et de soumettre ses multiples raisons à la discussion. Ce faisant, la dialectique sud-sud trouvera sa place : la régionalisation passera alors par une solidarité entre les peuples et la réinvention des grandes valeurs démocratiques.
Civil Society and the Search for Development Alternatives in Cameroon (Printed)
Recent developments have witnessed the emergence of civil society as a major development actor whose potentials and capacity, especially in Africa, are often taken for granted and treated as limitless.
A critical assessment of some of their structures (NGOs, religious organisations, trade unions, home-based associations, women’s mobilisation structures, local community organisations, and the youth) and the legal and political context of the operation of civil society in Cameroon shows a popular effervescence that is visible in social development initiatives; Although this would complement the state and free enterprise, it is however often frustrated by the state’s suspicion in a context of rising social awareness and protest that is assimilated with political opposition or attempts at manipulation along partisans lines.
This book is a call to reform the framework and civil society to assess its components and roles in shaping the future of Africa.
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