$4
Ibbo Mandaza
CODESRIA, 1992, 532 p.
ISBN : 2-86978-003-6 (broché)
The ‘counter-revolution’ in Development Economics in the 1980s fundamentally altered the way the state ‘thinks’, which is evident in the state’s retrenchment and reconstitution of the state’s relationship to its citizens. The combination of deflationary macroeconomic policies and a residual approach to social policy, broadly, and social provisioning, more specifically, fundamentally altered the post-colonial trajectory of public policy in Africa. Despite the neoliberal ascendance that nurtured the more residual direction of social policy, the contention for an alternative vision of social policy remained and advanced with vigour. Specific contributions range from the deployment of social policy in framing the nation-building project, endogenous mutual support institutions, land and agrarian reform as a social policy instrument, the gender dynamics of social policy, and the mechanism enabling the spread of cash transfer schemes on the continent.
Études africaines de géographie par le bas / African Studies in Geography from Below (Printed)
Il est largement admis, aujourd’hui, que les conceptions de l’espace et du temps sont « socialement construites » au sens où chaque société les élabore en fonction de ses modes de production, de son organisation interne et de ses valeurs. Ces conceptions deviennent toutefois si familières. Elles acquièrent une telle force d’évidence qu’elles prennent l’importance de faits objectifs. C’est pourquoi elles orientent ou canalisent les processus de reproduction sociale. C’est aussi pourquoi elles sont si fortement contestées lors des moments de grande transformation : quand changent les modes de production économique, les conceptions de l’espace et du temps doivent elles-mêmes changer pour permettre de nouvelles pratiques matérielles de reproduction sociale. La Géographie par le Bas désigne, en première approche, une critique de la pensée territoriale dominante. L’hypothèse centrale de ce livre est que les manières dont nous sommes éduqués à voir le territoire, à le concevoir et, partant, à l’organiser, déterminent nos capacités à résoudre les problèmes qui s’y posent.
As the twenty first century unfolds, African universities are undergoing change and confronting challenges which are unprecedented. The effects of globalisation, and political and economic pressures of liberalisation and privatisation, both internal and external, are reconfiguring all aspects of university life: teaching, research, and their public service functions; such that the need to redefine the roles of the African universities, and to defend their importance have become paramount. At the same time, the universities must themselves balance demands of autonomy and accountability, expansion and excellence, diversification and differentiation, and internationalisation and indigenisation. In a climate in which scholarship and production are increasingly dependent on ICTs, and are becoming globalised, the universities must address the challenges of knowledge production and dissemination. The need to indigenise global scholarship, to their own requirements, meanwhile is ever- pressing.
Love and Desire : Concepts, Narratives and Practices of sex Amongst Youths in Maputo City (Printed)
This monograph analyses the perceptions and practices of sexuality among young people in post-colonial and post-socialist Maputo city. Using a combination of various methods, it compares sexuality in two different generation and describes two diverse kinds of relationships : the occasional and steady.
Occasional relationships tend to show a new pattern of condom use that corroborates the discourse advocated in the prevention of HIV/AIDS ; and the steady where sex is proposition of commitment on the part of young men, and where, there are major possibilities of HIV/AIDS infection. In both kinds of relationships, sex, described by informants in terms of a model of heterosexual penetration, is perceived as a factor that permits transition from childhood to adulthood, by passing parental and other senior kin control.
Governing Health Systems in Africa (Printed)
Drawing on various disciplinary perspectives, this book re-focuses the debate on what makes a good health system, with a view to clarifying the uses of social science research in thinking about health care issues in Africa. The explosion of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the persistence of malaria as a major killer, and the resurgence of diseases like tuberculosis which were previously under control, have brought about changes in the health system, with implications for its governance, especially in view of the diminished capacity of the public health facilities to cope with a complex range of expanded needs. Government responsibilities and objectives in the health sector have been redefined, with private sector entities (both for profit and not-for profit) playing an increasingly visible role in health care provisions. The reasons for collaborative patterns vary, but chronic under-funding of publicly financed health services is often an important factor. Processes of decentralisation and health sector reforms have had mixed effects on health care system performance; while private health insurance markets and private clinics are pointers to a growing stratification of the health market, in line with the intensified income and social differentiation that has occurred over the last two decades.These developments call for health sector reforms.
Décentralisation sans représentation: Le charbon de bois entre les collectivités locales et l’Etat
La présente étude porte sur deux villages d’une collectivité locale du Sénégal. Elle consiste en une analyse de la problématique de la représentation politique locale, à travers la production de charbon de bois dans une forêt dont la gestion est dévolue aux élus locaux depuis la loi de la décentralisation, en 1996, par le biais des compétences transférées. Cette étude montre que si l’on retient comme critère l’obligation des élus de rendre compte aux administrés villageois et de répondre à leurs aspirations, en matière d’exploitation forestière, l’effet politique de la décentralisation est plutôt faible en termes de promotion de la démocratie locale. D’autre part, la répartition déséquilibrée des pouvoirs et ressources entre l’État et la collectivité locale explique, dans une certaine mesure, la faible efficacité des élus locaux en matière forestière, ainsi que les dysfonctionnements du couple déconcentration/- décentralisation. En matière d’exploitation forestière, l’action publique locale reste limitée par le poids des intérêts partisans, le manque de transparence et de répartition claire des rôles et responsabilités au sein du conseil rural. Le document se termine par un certain nombre de recommandations dont la mise en application devrait aider à améliorer la GRN au niveau des communautés rurales, notamment en rendant les conseillers ruraux plus responsables vis-à-vis de ceux qui les ont élus.
The issues that this volume addresses relate to the ways in which, first, Africans negotiated the terms of this modernity during the colonial period and, then, how today they are coming to terms with it in the post-colonial period. The contributors argue both that the African experience of modernity is unique and, at the same time, relevant for social theory more widely. Not only is it important to describe this experience, but also to acknowledge that such a description may provide African Studies with valuable analytical insights into African social reality. In the course of so doing, cases are presented and issues raised covering new forms of labour, changing notions and norms relating to land rights, religious conversion, internal migration, and even emigration. Indeed, one particularly significant, but often underplayed, feature that has characterised both the colonial and post-colonial periods, and which this book deals with extensively, is the variegated linkages and interactions between Africans in the diaspora and within the continent
This innovative work is the first CODESRIA has published in Portuguese, and the first scholarly work the institution has published on the politics, economics and societies of the Portuguese-speaking African countries, authored by social scientists from those countries. In its engagement with the Portuguese-speaking social science communities in Africa, the publication represents an important milestone for CODESRIA, and a symbolic moment in the development of Lusophone studies on the continent. The collection of essays grew out of CODESRIA’s ‘Lusophonia’ initiative, launched at an international symposium in May 2005 which brought together over 60 academics, mostly from the Lusophone African countries, as well as from African studies institutions in Portugal and Brazil, to reflect on the history, democracy and integration of the Portuguese speaking countries. The objectives of the Lusophonia initiative are to give a voice to social scientists from Portuguese speaking countries; centre debates on the priorities identified by the local academic communities; establish an integrated body of researchers based in the Portuguese speaking countries and integrate these into CODESRIA’s wider research programmes to the benefit of the wider research communities; and to strengthen capacity in the social sciences and comparative studies in the Lusophone environment in Africa.
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